Bernoulli’s Theorem in Chemical Engineering
Bernoulli’s Theorem in fluid dynamics is one of the important discoveries. The relation among pressure, velocity, and elevation in a moving fluid, the compressibility and viscosity of which are negligible and the flow of which is steady or laminar. The Theorem was first derived in 1738 by Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli. The theorem states that, in effect, that the total mechanical energy of the flowing fluid, comprising the energy associated with fluid pressure, the gravitational potential energy of elevation and the kinetic energy of fluid motion, remains constant. Bernoulli’s theorem is the principle of energy conservation for ideal fluids in…
Read MoreUnderstanding Heat Transfer in Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Heat Transfer The field of heat transfer explores the rate at which heat flows from a region of high temperature to one of low temperature. Heat flow occurs as molecules transfer their thermal energy, in the form of molecular motion, to nearby lower energy molecules or by fast moving molecules moving to another region of the system. The mechanisms of heat transfer can be categorized as occurring by convection, conduction, or radioactive processes. Convection occurs in a liquid or gas as high energy, fast moving molecules create an area of low density media that rises relative to the…
Read MoreDistillation in Chemical Engineering
Distillation is the process of separation of volatile liquid from non-volatile substance or more frequently, the separation of two or more liquids in different volatility. If only one component of a mixture is volatile, there is no difficulty in obtaining it in a pure state by distillation and in many cases the constituents of a mixture of two or more volatile liquids may be separated – though frequently at much cost of time and materials. Quantitative Analysis by Distillation: The determination by ordinary analytical methods of the relative quantities of two or more organic compounds in a mixture is often…
Read MoreElectrochemsitry in Chemical Engineering
Electrochemsitry In solid crystals such as NaCl, electrical charges are localized on those sites that form the lattice. These lattice sites are occupied not by neutral atoms, but by negatively charged chlorine or positively charged sodium ions and the crystal is held together by the columbic forces that exist between all electrically oppositely charged species. The energy of interaction between two particles of charge q1 and q2 at a distance r from one another is given by U12 = q1-q2/ 4πεrε0r Where εr is the relative permittivity of the medium and ε0 the permittivity of free space. The energy is…
Read MoreUnderstanding Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. Although the fundamental laws and theories of chemistry are as applicable to these compounds as to all others, there are several reasons for their separate treatment. In the first place, the number of compounds that contain carbon is extraordinarily large. The only other elements that enter into the composition of any very large number of substances are hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen are also quite usually associated with carbon in organic compounds. This association, however, is of such nature that carbon is the dominant element. The sheer number of…
Read MoreUnderstanding Mass Transfer in Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Mass Transfer The field of Heat Transfer explores the rate at which heat flows from a region of high temperature to one of low temperature. Heat flow occurs as molecules transfer their thermal energy, in the form of molecular motion, to nearby lower energy molecules or by fast moving molecules moving to another region of the system. The mechanisms of Heat Transfer can be categorized as occurring by convection, conduction, or radiative processes. Convection occurs in a liquid or gas as high energy, fast moving molecules create an area of low density media that rises relative to the…
Read MoreChemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics is the study of relationship between heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. The subject involves the study of laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties and also the study of application of mathematical methods and calculations to the chemical equations. The subject of chemical Thermodynamics is based on the laws of thermodynamics. The study of laws of thermodynamics leads to the derivation of the fundamental equations of thermodynamics or the equations of Gibbs. J William Gibbs, who was an American mathematical physicist published a…
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